A lower standard than reasonable and probable grounds — a constellation of objectively discernible facts suggesting criminal activity, enough for some investigative powers.
No case brief in the library uses this exact wording yet. Browse every case.
Related category: Police Powers & the Charter
Stops, detentions, searches and warrants under the Charter — and whether evidence obtained in breach is excluded under s. 24(2). The newest Police Powers & the Charter cases in the library:
The Glock in the Duplex2024R v Dupray — Possession of a loaded restricted firearm without authorization (s. 95(1)) · Supreme Court of British Columbia
The Gun Without a Magazine2025R v Donawa — Multiple firearm offences turning on the definition of 'firearm' (s. 2) · Supreme Court of Canada (Ontario)
The Shotgun by the Bed2023R v Hamouth — Possession of a loaded prohibited or restricted firearm (s. 95(1)) · Court of Appeal for Ontario
The Overdose Call2025R v Wilson — Firearm offences including ss. 86(2), 88, 90, 91(1), 92(1), 94, 95(1), 99(3) and 117.01(1) · Supreme Court of Canada (Saskatchewan)
The Bag That Never Left Him2024R v Aronson — Possession of a loaded prohibited or restricted firearm (s. 95(1)), prohibited weapon (s. 91(2)), careless storage (s. 86(1)), possession while prohibited (s. 117.01(1)) · Supreme Court of British Columbia
A new real Canadian case every day. Read the brief, weigh the Crown against the defence, commit to a verdict, then see what the court decided — and why.